Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective mechanisms of Nelumbinis semen (NS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of NS were determined by analyzing nitric oxide production and proinflammatory cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mechanism was evaluated in BV-2 cells with or without NS treated with LPS for various lengths of time using oligonucleotide microarray and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-related genes such as Fgfr3, Fgf12, Rasal2, Nfkb2, Map2k5, Mapk1, Map3k7, and NFatc2 were down-regulated in LPS activated BV-2 cells by pretreatment with NS. In addition, significant decreases in Nos1ap gene expression were observed with NS pretreatment. Cluster linked pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database revealed that the effects of NS were closely associated with the regulation of mitochondria functions. These results suggested that NS can affect the MAPK signaling pathway and mitochondrial functions in BV-2 cells activated with LPS. © 2009 Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.

Author keywords

Anti-inflammatory effect; Gene expression profile; Microarray; Nelumbinis semen

Indexed keywords

EMTREE drug terms: cytokine; lipopolysaccharide; mitogen activated protein kinase; Nelumbinis semen extract; nitric oxide; oligonucleotide; plant extract; unclassified drug

EMTREE medical terms: animal cell; antiinflammatory activity; article; cell activation; cell stimulation; controlled study; data base; DNA microarray; down regulation; drug mechanism; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; gene expression; gene expression profiling; genome; medicinal plant; microarray analysis; microglia; mitochondrion; Nelumbinis semen; nonhuman; real time polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; signal transduction

MeSH: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gene Expression Profiling; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Microglia; Nitric Oxide; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Medline is the source for the MeSH terms of this document.

Chemicals and CAS Registry Numbers: mitogen activated protein kinase, 142243-02-5; nitric oxide, 10102-43-9;Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cytokines; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Lipopolysaccharides; Nelumbinis Semen; Nitric Oxide, 10102-43-9

Manufacturers:Drug manufacturer: Sun Ten, Taiwan.